Which philosopher is best known for the phrase "Cogito, ergo sum"?

The phrase "Cogito, ergo sum," which translates to "I think, therefore I am," is famously associated with René Descartes. This statement is a fundamental element of Cartesian philosophy and serves as a foundational element of modern Western thought, particularly regarding self-awareness and the nature of existence. Descartes used this phrase to illustrate that the very act of doubting or thinking is proof of one's own existence; if one is capable of thought, then one must exist to perform that act.

His philosophy marked a significant departure from previous philosophical approaches, emphasizing reason and doubt as critical elements in the search for knowledge. This idea became central to establishing a new framework for understanding existence and reality, laying foundational principles for subsequent philosophical inquiry.

In contrast, Friedrich Nietzsche is known for his critiques of morality and religion, particularly the idea of the "Übermensch" or "Overman." John Locke is famous for his theories on the mind as a tabula rasa and his contributions to political philosophy. David Hume is renowned for his empiricism and skepticism regarding human understanding, notably on causation and inductive reasoning. Each of these philosophers contributed significantly to the humanities but is not associated with the phrase "Cogito, ergo sum."